Learn About Java Exception Types and How They Can Be Useful: For starters, it frequently causes developers a great deal of stress, which results in grey hairs and broken keyboards. But it doesn’t have to be that way, and in this piece, you’ll discover how to confidently and easily handle Java exceptions. This article will help you learn about the Java exception types and how they can be useful in increasing the quality of your software development. In order to enhance your development process, you will also study the following ideas:

What does a Java exception mean?

Although the word “exception” in Java may sound complicated, it’s really just a term the language uses to describe any behaviour that deviates from expected behaviour. Java uses exceptions to keep track of and pinpoint anything that deviates from the typical course of a piece of software.

All software has constraints that it must adhere to; when the software deviates from those constraints, engineers need a mechanism to monitor it. These exceptions are tracked in Java via a superclass known as the throwable class. Java classes are used to organise code and aid in coding effectiveness, including undesired expected and unexpected behaviour.

A method for monitoring, tracking, and responding to events of all kinds is necessary for good programming techniques. Java provides us with the throwable class, which enables us to use two different exception classes, in the case of extraordinary circumstances. With this in mind, it’s crucial to comprehend the differences between Java exceptions and errors. Java also provides a class based on throwable to handle errors, which, surprise, is called the error class.

Let’s quickly go through the distinctions between the two varieties of Java throwables before moving on. While Java exceptions are triggered by the software code, Java errors happen within the operating system.

After talking about that, let’s discuss the two categories of exceptions that can happen when using Java software.

Common Java Unchecked Exceptions

Before we examine some typical unchecked exceptions, let’s define what an unchecked exception is. Although it sounds terrifying, an unchecked exception is actually not that scary. An exception that happened but couldn’t be fixed is referred to as an unchecked exception. An exception that happened swiftly and then vanished is its straightforward definition. However, the exception was not handled and has no impact on how runtime functions. The notion is that whether you handle the exception or not, the programme will still run. But be careful not to misunderstand. It won’t obstruct runtime activities, but it can still make your software behave in an undesirable way. 

Features of Checked Exceptions-

Exceptions that are checked and handled at compile.

• They are direct subclasses of Exception but they do not inherit from RuntimeException.
• Cause compilation exceptions when the compiler cannot handle it.
• Indicates a high chance of failure
• Should be tracked and handled
• Can cause erroneous behaviour. 
• Belong to the Java throwable Class

 Features of Unchecked Exceptions-

• Exceptions that are unchecked and handled at compile.
• They are direct subclasses of Exception and inherit from RuntimeException.
• Do not cause compilation exceptions.
• Caused by issues in programming logic.
• Should be tracked and handled
• Can cause erroneous behaviour. 
• Belong to the Java throwable Class

Always keep note of and address any potential exceptions.

• RuntimeException: All unchecked exceptions go under this superclass, which it serves as.

When an object should be present but instead there is a null value, the exception NullPointerException is raised.

These exceptions are thrown in the event that an arithmetic operation fails.

When an index is found outside the bounds of the accessible array, an exception is raised known as the ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException. (For example, a 5-item array, but the index is currently 6)

When an argument is used that violates the software’s restrictions, an IllegalArgumentException is raised. (For instance, offering a string parameter when an integer is required.)

IllegalStateException: When the current state deviates from what the software anticipates, an exception is raised. (For instance, when a state anticipates an integer value but receives a string instead.)

ConcurrentModification is an exception is raised when a collection changes during iteration, for as when a user modifies an input value.

Common Java Checked Exceptions

An exception that MUST be handled or declared is what a checked exception is, as you’ve undoubtedly surmised by this point. These exceptions can seriously affect how your software runs during compilation and, as a result, prohibit it from functioning in the intended context.

• IOException: When an input or output operation fails, this exception is raised.
• An exception raised as a result of a failed database operation is known as an SQLException.
• ClassNotFoundException: When Java is unable to locate a referenced class, this exception is raised.

      When an object is unable to be instantiated, this exception is raised. (For instance, when not enough details are given  about the thing.)

• NoSuchMethodException: This error is raised when a method is used and Java is unable to locate it.

To prevent inaccurate behaviour in your software, all exceptions should be recognised and dealt with in some way. Thank goodness Java makes this simple for us. Furthermore, Java cannot detect every instance of incorrect behaviour. Java gives us an additional method for identifying software bugs by enabling developers to recognise and create particular exceptions that can be problematic.

User-Defined Java Exceptions

An exception that developers design to handle problems that Java might not be able to handle is known as a user-defined exception. Capturing faulty or even incorrect user input is a prime example of this. The ability to create exceptions facilitates the development process by making it easier to stop software from behaving in an undesirable way.

Additionally, developers will want to catch software-specific exceptions to enhance the user experience. These exceptions might not affect the software’s overall functionality, but they might have an aesthetic influence on the user experience. For additional information on creating unique user-defined exceptions, see the video below.

Java Exception Example

After having all of that explained, let’s have a look at an example of an exception object and see how the object’s properties may be used to identify the cause of the exception and determine how to solve it. It’s important to remember that only exceptions that fall under the runtime category have built-in properties. Not all exceptions have them. The java.sql.SQLException, which has the String SQLState and vendor code properties, is an illustration of this. Using preset data, these attributes assist in identifying the exception’s root cause. Java is able to recognise the exception and its cause, which enables the provision of this information. Unchecked exceptions will therefore have characteristics that make it easier to locate the problem. 

How about checked exceptions, though? Catching the exception in this situation is crucial because it enables the addition of characteristics that can give more specific information about them and aid in the problem’s solution. Let’s examine how to catch an exception and print out more information about it. To begin, use the try-catch block to force an exception that might arise.

How to Handle Java Exceptions Moving Forward

With the information in this post at your disposal, handling Java exceptions will be much easier for you. There are techniques to cement your understanding of the topic, albeit it might still be difficult to absorb and remember everything over time. Of course, the best approach is to start writing your own Java exceptions and become more familiar with how they operate. You can become far more knowledgeable about the topic and enhance your software development by employing try-catch blocks to handle your exceptions.